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The withdrawal of the Russian Federation from the Council of Europe and its impact on the protection of human rights in the country
Petrů, Simona ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Tymofeyeva, Alla (referee)
The withdrawal of the Russian Federation from the Council of Europe and its impact on the protection of human rights in the country Key words: Council of Europe, Russia, Ukraine, aggression, human rights The thesis focuses on the current topic of the Russian Federation's withdrawal from the Council of Europe and analyses what impact this move may have in relation to the protection of human rights in the country. In the introduction, the author introduces two research questions with the intention of examining them from an international law perspective. In the first one, the author shows her intention to reflect on whether the Russian Federation's withdrawal was a consequence of long-term complicated relations between the country and the Council of Europe or whether it was a direct reaction to the invasion of Ukraine. The second research question is related to the impact of the country's withdrawal from the organization on human rights in the country, more specifically whether the organisation still had the possibility to have an impact on the human rights situation in the country given the Russian Federation's attack on Ukraine in February 2022. The author considers both questions to be important in view of assessing the expediency and impact of Russia's expulsion from the Council of Europe. The...
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Comparsion of euthanasia legislation in selected countries of Europian countries.
ŠNYPS, Zdeněk
Bachelor's thesis deals with topic of legislative regulation of euthanasia in Europe. Especially with regulation of countries, in which is legalized active euthanasia. The aims of this thesis are comparation of these legislations with recommendation of Council of Europe, WMA and to get more complex perspective of laws about euthanasia in Europe. At first, I will define the comprehending of euthanasia in context of legislative and next I will point out an argumentation of supporters and opponents. Following part is containing revelation of legislative in these countries: Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Germany and Czech Republic. Last two parts speak about post of WMA and Council of Europe, and then are aimed on comparation of those posts.
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The "Non-citizen" Issue in Latvia during the EU Accession Process
Kofránková, Alžběta ; Švec, Luboš (advisor) ; Vykoukal, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to examine the attitude of the European Union to the non- citizen issue in Latvia during the accession talks and its impact on legislative changes in Latvia in this area. The thesis asks such questions as whether Latvia has fulfilled all formal and informal criteria of the accession to the European Union concerning non-citizens and whether the recommendations that were part of the European Commission's regular reports were effective. Further I would like to answer the question how important the other two international bodies were, the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the Council of Europe, and to what extent the European Union was dependent on their recommendations. Using primary and secondary sources, I will try to show that the main aim of the reports was to improve the situation of non-citizens in Latvia, bringing in the standards of the European Union. Becoming a member of the European Union, Latvia has theoretically fulfilled the required conditions; the question is what the situation has been like in practice.
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Elder rights in documents of the Council of Europe
Košinová, Sabina ; Tymofeyeva, Alla (advisor) ; Bílková, Veronika (referee)
Elder rights in documents of the Council of Europe The aim of this thesis is to describe documents of the Council of Europe concerning Elderly people. Documents of the Council of Europe do not contain a definition of an elderly person - like, for example, the Interamerican Union or African Union documents. We have to first find the definition of the elderly where the Council of Europe documents call a person who is over 60 years of age "elderly".The documents of the Council of Europe are a tool that is designed to help the human rights of the elderly. The aim of the documents of the Council of Europe regarding elderly people is to protect and improve the situation of the elderly who are because of their age considered a vulnerable group. The documents of the Council of Europe deal with problems like pensions, age discrimination and access to services. The most current issues that the Council of Europe have reported in their documents in 2020 and 2021 are digitalization and the coronavirus pandemic as well as the impact it has on the elderly.The documents of the Council can be divided into two types: bindng and non-binding. Binding Documents are Conventions - the most important is the European convention of human rights and European social charter. These documents offer direct protection....
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Protection against Discrimination under the European Convention on Human Rights
Konoplia, Oleksandra ; Lipovský, Milan (advisor) ; Pulgret, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis is focused on the examination of the scope of Article 14 of the European Convention of Human Rights, theoretical framework, and legal basis of the concept of discrimination. The paper presents an analysis of the caselaw of the European Court on Human Rights, how the latter operationalises the issue of inequality, and which inaccuracies of interpretation it leaves. The primary aim is to challenge the system of protection against discrimination under the Article 14 as well as the role of the national actors in its development. The thesis examines the level of compliance among signatories of the Convention with its anti- discriminatory provisions and focuses on the individual capacities of the states to satisfy judgements of the European Court on Human Rights. The usage of the comparative approach also helps to analyse the role of local non-governmental organisations in the process of compliance with human rights obligations under the Convention among signatories. The thesis aims to show why the level of protection against discrimination differs from the one country to another and which obstacles they face on the path towards the respect for human rights.
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Creation of the citizenship law in Latvia in the context of European integration
Prokopová, Zuzana ; Švec, Luboš (advisor) ; Vykoukal, Jiří (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the process of the formation of the Latvian Citizenship Law in the context of European integration. The main aim of the thesis is to analyze the influence of European organization (primarily the Council of Europe, the European Union and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe) on the law creation and the approval of its amendments. The aim of the study is also to analyze how the representatives of the Russian Federation influenced the process of law creation and its changes. Latvia was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940, it remained its part until 1991. During the Soviet period, many Russian-speaking people moved to the territory of Latvia. Latvian citizenship law from 1994 was highly restrictive, it was based on the principle of legal continuity between interwar Latvia and restored Latvia after 1991. Therefore, the law only restored citizenship, which meant that only people who had been citizens before 1940 were granted automatic citizenship. Many inhabitants of restored Latvia, especially Russian speaking inhabitants, remained without citizenship. There was a possibility to acquire citizenship through the naturalization process, but the pace of the naturalization was too slow due to the system of so-called "naturalization windows". The system...
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Right to education under European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and Czech Republic
Zelnerová, Eliška ; Bayerová, Monika (advisor) ; Flídrová, Eliška (referee)
1 Right to education under European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and Czech Republic Abstract: This thesis deals with the issue of protection of the right to education. It focuses on the conception of the right to education defined by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It also compares the article concerning the right to education with other international documents concerning human rights protection such as Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and Convention on the Rights of the Child. It partly examines the definition of this right under the Czech law. The thesis especially pays attention to the case of the Grand Chamber D.H. and others versus Czech Republic, since it is the only decision of European Court of justice concerning right to education which found Czech Republic in breach of the Convention. The aim of this thesis was to find out what influence had this decision on the Czech Republic as well as other member states of the Council of Europe and whether It was succesfully implemented into the Czech legal system. This decision is significant not just for the Czech Republic. It has shed light on the issue faced by many European countries. It became a pilot judgment and was followed by other...
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International Regimes against Trafficking in Human Beings: European Experience
Prixová, Barbora ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Knutelská, Viera (referee)
The target of this research is to reveal causal factors that influence the way policy goals and instruments of international organizations in the domain of human trafficking are designed. By tracking evolutions of anti-trafficking policies undergone by the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the thesis demonstrates impact of specific factors on changes in the functioning of international organizations. To unravel mechanism explaining the internal workings of a policy formation within an IO, the thesis considers and tests theoretical assumptions of three rivalling theories on institutions; the realism, historical institutionalism and neoliberal institutionalism. Premises of respective theories, which offer contrasting perspectives on the functioning of international organizations, will help to formulate corresponding independent variables. The dependant variable being the changing design of institutions, the detailed cross-case analysis spanning a period of one decade uncovers causal relations between independent dependent variables. Thus, by means of time series data collection, patterns revealing which of independent variables can be designed as responsible for observed changes becomes visible. In this way, the study is able to answer to what extent...
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The right to use a minority language in European law
Fraňková, Martina ; Scheu, Harald Christian (advisor) ; Hofmannová, Helena (referee)
The Right to Use a Minority Language in European Law Key words Minority languages, European Union, Council of Europe Summary The purpose of my thesis is to describe and analyse the right to use minority languages in the Council of Europe and in the European Union. The change of lifestyle and globalisation lead to the increased pressure on the European minority languages, from which many occur in the Atlas of the Worlds' Languages in Danger published by UNESCO. It is the description of the starting points and possibilities of the law protection, primarily on the ground of the two above mentioned international organisations that could reverse a rather unfavourable development in this area, which form the basis of this paper. The attention is paid to the positive rights of so called traditional minorities; the prohibition of discrimination is mentioned only marginally, as well as the problem of migrants' languages and related topics. First part of the thesis is focused on the description of bases of the language law and politics and their relation to the protection of (national) minorities, whose part is the right to use minority languages, as well as the analysis of the single components of this right. First chapter brings an overview of the legal regulation of minority rights in the context of the European...
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Regional organizations and the fight against terrorism: a comparison of systems of the Council of Europe and the Organization of American States
Žabková, Marie ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Šturma, Pavel (referee)
The aim of my thesis is both to describe the steps of the OAS and the Council of Europe in the fight against terrorism and also to compare their approach in this area. The thesis is divided into four chapters, which are further subdivided into three parts. The first two parts of each chapter describe the steps of each organization separately, the third part compares their approach and puts it into the context. The first chapter examines the reasons for which these organizations decided to implement the fight against terrorism on their agendas and maps the adoption of the first international instruments. Although the time scale of the activity in this area rather overlaps, I point out the different approaches of the two organizations in terms of the adopted counter- terrorism conventions. The following chapter is devoted to the period after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, when a review of existing documents took place and the counter-terrorism cooperation between the countries of both regions was intensified. In this chapter, I discuss in detail the newly adopted international tools and compare their impact on the existing regulation. In the third chapter, I try to outline new areas of interest in the field of counter- terrorism. The focus is shifted to the issues like financing of...
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